Besides fertility problems, low testosterone can cause osteoporosis, erectile dysfunction, low sex drive, fatigue, irritability and reduced muscle mass. Up to 5 million American men suffer from low testosterone levels, according to FDA research, but only about 5 percent of them receive treatment. Doctors have a range of prescription medications, from skin patches to gum therapy, for treating low testosterone.
Assisted Reproduction
In many men, a lower testosterone level doesn't adversely affect the body, except when it comes to reproduction. Nothing is available to help a man deemed infertile. However, treatments can raise his chances of impregnating his partner if he has a low sperm count and no other testosterone-related medical problems.
Testosterone Injections
Testosterone replacement therapy can help men who have problems other than those related to fertility. Typically, they are given injections every other week. If family members are not squeamish, they can give the shots at home.
Patches
Another form of replacement therapy is the testosterone patch. It works like a nicotine patch and contains the testosterone Androderm. As patches can cause skin problems, they should be moved about with each application. Patches are generally worn at night.
Gel
Gel medications, such as Testim and AndroGel, are rubbed into the skin on the abdomen, arm or thigh. Gels work through skin absorption, like patches, but they are less likely to cause skin problems. You should not shower for several hours after applying the gel. In addition, you should avoid skin-to-skin contact with others for several hours. Depending on the dosage and medication, the gel can cause reproductive and growth problems in children and women.
Oral
Long-term oral testosterone can cause liver and heart problems, which are often worse than the low testosterone level being treated. Many countries have banned oral testosterone, which can be used as a steroid for body-builders. In general, oral therapy is prescribed only for short-term use when other forms of testosterone have failed or caused complications.
Gum/Cheek Therapy
Testosterone also comes in a malleable, solid form, almost like puddy, which slowly dissolves into a gel-like state when in contact with saliva. It remains in the mouth for several hours. Patients absorb testosterone with this medication through the gums and cheek. It is safer than oral forms of testosterone and doesn't pose transfer or skin problems. However, many men find it intrusive to have the substance in their mouths for such a long time, and some experience gum or cheek pain.
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